Category: Business Legislation

Introduction Merger and Acquisition (M&A) are important forms of corporate restructuring through which companies combine, acquire businesses, assets, or controlling interests. They are significant in business legislation because such transactions affect ownership, management, shareholders, employees, creditors, competition, and the market. In India, mergers and acquisitions are governed by several laws, particularly the Companies Act, 2013,… Read more

Overview of Law Relating to Promotion and Incorporation of Different Types of Companies Introduction A company is an association of persons formed and incorporated under the law to carry on business or achieve a lawful purpose. In India, companies are primarily governed by the Companies Act, 2013. The process of forming a company broadly involves… Read more

Breach of Contract Meaning of Breach of Contract A breach of contract occurs when a party to a valid contract fails or refuses to perform his or her contractual obligation, or performs it in a manner inconsistent with the terms of the contract. In simple words, when one party does not fulfill the promise made… Read more

When is Time Deemed to Be the Essence of a Contract? Introduction In a contract, time of performance is important because the parties are expected to perform their promises within the agreed period. However, in every contract, delay does not necessarily amount to a breach. The legal effect of delay depends upon whether time is… Read more

Performance of Contract and Circumstances in Which a Contract Need Not Be Performed Meaning of Performance of Contract Performance of a contract means the fulfillment or carrying out of the promises made by the parties to the contract. When the parties perform their respective obligations according to the terms of the contract, the contract is… Read more

Under Section 23 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the object or consideration of an agreement is not lawful in certain situations. An agreement is void when its object or consideration is unlawful. Section 23 provides that the consideration or object of an agreement is unlawful if it falls under any of the following categories:… Read more

Introduction Competency of parties is one of the essential requirements of a valid contract. Even when two or more persons agree to enter into an agreement, the agreement will not necessarily become a valid contract unless the parties have the legal capacity to contract. The Indian Contract Act, 1872 deals with competency of parties under… Read more

Doctrine of Consideration Introduction Consideration is one of the fundamental elements of a valid contract. It represents the value exchanged between the parties in return for their promises. In simple terms, consideration means “something in return.” Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, consideration is closely connected with the formation of a legally enforceable agreement. The… Read more

Offer and Acceptance: Meaning, Definitions and Essentials Introduction Offer and acceptance are the fundamental elements in the formation of a contract. A contract generally begins when one party makes an offer or proposal and the other party accepts it. When a valid offer is accepted in accordance with law, it results in an agreement, subject… Read more